Tinjauan Literatur: Penerapan Teknologi Blockchain dalam Sistem Verifikasi Sertifikat Akademik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51353/6sdya968Keywords:
Blockchain, Academic Certificate V erification, Systematic Literature Review, Ethereum, IPFSAbstract
This study evaluates the application of blockchain technology to address academic certificate forgery using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on PRISMA guidelines (2022–2025). Analysis of seven selected studies reveals that the most effective architecture is a hybrid model combining public blockchain (Ethereum) and off-chain storage (IPFS) integrated with QR Codes. This implementation is proven to guarantee data immutability and reduce verification time to seconds. However, due to high transaction costs and privacy issues, future research is recommended to focus on consortium blockchain or Layer-2 solutions.References
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[2] A. Rehman and F. Hashim, “International Journal of Social Science and Human Research Leveraging Internal Audit and Blockchain to Mitigate Academic Fraud and Enhance Institutional Sustainability : A General Strain Theory Perspective,” vol. 08, no. 01, pp. 479–496, 2025, doi: 10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i1-59.
[3] M. R. Hodgman, “Employers ’ Perspectives on the Performance of Higher Education Institutions in Preparing Graduates for the Workplace : A Review of the Literature,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 92–103, 2018, doi: 10.5296/ber.v8i3.13370.
[4] S. H. Said, M. A. Dida, E. M. Kosia, and R. S. Sinde, “A Blockchain-based Conceptual Model to Address Educational Certificate Verification Challenges in Tanzania,” Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 11691–11704, 2023, doi: 10.48084/etasr.6170.
[5] J. Gilbert, M. Mboma, and O. T. Tshipata, “Enhancing the Reliability of Academic Document Certification Systems with Blockchain and Large Language Models,” vol. 21, pp. 419–437, 2024, doi: 10.37394/23209.2024.21.39.
[6] Noshi and Y. Xu, “Development of Blockchain-Based Academic Credential Verification System,” OALib, vol. 11, no. 09, pp. 1–20, 2024, doi: 10.4236/oalib.1112130.
[7] P. M. Pondkule, “Implementation of blockchain-based document management system for higher education organizations,” vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2025, doi: 10.2478/ijssis-2025-0001.
[8] M. A. C. Quispe and A. Pacheco, “Blockchain ensuring academic integrity with a degree verification prototype,” Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93913-6.
[9] T. M. Nasrullah et al., “Device Agent Assisted Blockchain Leveraged Framework for Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, no. December 2022, pp. 1254–1268, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3231491.
[10] C. Li, “Enhancing CAD Data Integrity and Security in Supply Chain Networks Using Blockchain,” vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2025, doi: 10.4018/IJISSCM.389716.
[11] K. Saja and A. Stecyk, “Blockchain-Based Certification: Enhancing Transparency and Trust in Higher Education,” Eur. Res. Stud. J., vol. XXVI, no. Issue 3, pp. 363–380, 2023, doi: 10.35808/ersj/3219.
[12] A. C. Fortune, E. J. Garba, U. Mohammed, and A. A. Kadams, “Blockchain-Enabled Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Academic Transcript Issuance and Authentication in the Nigerian Educational System,” Int. J. Dev. Math., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 227–236, 2024, doi: 10.62054/ijdm/0102.19.
[13] E. A. Tissier et al., “Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System,” vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1–6, 2023, doi: 10.7759/cureus.48920.
[14] M. I. Sarwar and L. A. Maghrabi, “Blockchain : A Crypto-Intensive Technology — A Comprehensive Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, no. December, pp. 141926–141955, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3342079.
[15] S. Davidson, P. D. E. Filippi, and J. Potts, “Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism,” pp. 1–20, 2017, doi: 10.1017/S1744137417000200.
[16] Y. Wang, X. Cong, L. Zi, and Q. Xiang, “Blockchain for Credibility in Educational Development: Key Technology, Application Potential, and Performance Evaluation,” Secur. Commun. Networks, vol. 2023, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/5614241.
[17] J. A. Berrios Moya, J. Ayoade, and M. A. Uddin, “A Zero-Knowledge Proof-Enabled Blockchain-Based Academic Record Verification System,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1–24, 2025, doi: 10.3390/s25113450.
[18] O. I. Oriekhoe, B. I. Ashiwaju, and K. C. Ihemereze, “BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT : A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW,” vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 150–166, 2024, doi: 10.51594/ijmer.v6i1.714.
[19] J. S. M. B and V. Kale, Blockchain Technology Based Supply Chain Management System. Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-136-4.
[20] T. R. D. Suseno, I. Afrianto, and S. Atin, “Strengthening data integrity in academic document recording with blockchain and InterPlanetary file system,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1759–1769, 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1759-1769.
[21] H. Taherdoost, “A Critical Review of Blockchain Acceptance Models — Blockchain Technology Adoption Frameworks and Applications,” 2022.
[22] D. Pati and L. N. Lorusso, “How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature,” HERD Heal. Environ. Res. Des. J., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 15–30, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1177/1937586717747384.
[23] M. A. Cardenas-quispe and A. Pacheco, “Blockchain ensuring academic integrity with a degree verification prototype,” pp. 1–15, 2025.
[24] N. Khairunnisa, Z. Abdullah, S. Kasim, I. Rahmi, and A. Hamid, “Verification of Ph . D . Certificate Using QR Code on Blockchain Ethereum,” vol. 7, no. September, pp. 716–725, 2023.
[25] V. N. Faton Kabashi, Halil Snopçe, Artan Luma, “Trustworthy Verification of Academic Credentials through Blockchain Technology,” Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 51–64, 2024, doi: 10.3991/ijoe.v20i09.48999.
[26] O. S. Oluwaseyi, “Utilizing Blockchain Technology for University Certificate Verification System,” vol. 12, no. 45, pp. 23–40, 2024.
[27] R. Abdelmagid, M. Abdelsalam, and F. K. Alsheref, “A Blockchain Framework for Academic Certificates Authentication,” Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 297–305, 2024, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150729.
[2] A. Rehman and F. Hashim, “International Journal of Social Science and Human Research Leveraging Internal Audit and Blockchain to Mitigate Academic Fraud and Enhance Institutional Sustainability : A General Strain Theory Perspective,” vol. 08, no. 01, pp. 479–496, 2025, doi: 10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i1-59.
[3] M. R. Hodgman, “Employers ’ Perspectives on the Performance of Higher Education Institutions in Preparing Graduates for the Workplace : A Review of the Literature,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 92–103, 2018, doi: 10.5296/ber.v8i3.13370.
[4] S. H. Said, M. A. Dida, E. M. Kosia, and R. S. Sinde, “A Blockchain-based Conceptual Model to Address Educational Certificate Verification Challenges in Tanzania,” Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 11691–11704, 2023, doi: 10.48084/etasr.6170.
[5] J. Gilbert, M. Mboma, and O. T. Tshipata, “Enhancing the Reliability of Academic Document Certification Systems with Blockchain and Large Language Models,” vol. 21, pp. 419–437, 2024, doi: 10.37394/23209.2024.21.39.
[6] Noshi and Y. Xu, “Development of Blockchain-Based Academic Credential Verification System,” OALib, vol. 11, no. 09, pp. 1–20, 2024, doi: 10.4236/oalib.1112130.
[7] P. M. Pondkule, “Implementation of blockchain-based document management system for higher education organizations,” vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2025, doi: 10.2478/ijssis-2025-0001.
[8] M. A. C. Quispe and A. Pacheco, “Blockchain ensuring academic integrity with a degree verification prototype,” Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93913-6.
[9] T. M. Nasrullah et al., “Device Agent Assisted Blockchain Leveraged Framework for Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, no. December 2022, pp. 1254–1268, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3231491.
[10] C. Li, “Enhancing CAD Data Integrity and Security in Supply Chain Networks Using Blockchain,” vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2025, doi: 10.4018/IJISSCM.389716.
[11] K. Saja and A. Stecyk, “Blockchain-Based Certification: Enhancing Transparency and Trust in Higher Education,” Eur. Res. Stud. J., vol. XXVI, no. Issue 3, pp. 363–380, 2023, doi: 10.35808/ersj/3219.
[12] A. C. Fortune, E. J. Garba, U. Mohammed, and A. A. Kadams, “Blockchain-Enabled Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Academic Transcript Issuance and Authentication in the Nigerian Educational System,” Int. J. Dev. Math., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 227–236, 2024, doi: 10.62054/ijdm/0102.19.
[13] E. A. Tissier et al., “Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System,” vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1–6, 2023, doi: 10.7759/cureus.48920.
[14] M. I. Sarwar and L. A. Maghrabi, “Blockchain : A Crypto-Intensive Technology — A Comprehensive Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, no. December, pp. 141926–141955, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3342079.
[15] S. Davidson, P. D. E. Filippi, and J. Potts, “Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism,” pp. 1–20, 2017, doi: 10.1017/S1744137417000200.
[16] Y. Wang, X. Cong, L. Zi, and Q. Xiang, “Blockchain for Credibility in Educational Development: Key Technology, Application Potential, and Performance Evaluation,” Secur. Commun. Networks, vol. 2023, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/5614241.
[17] J. A. Berrios Moya, J. Ayoade, and M. A. Uddin, “A Zero-Knowledge Proof-Enabled Blockchain-Based Academic Record Verification System,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1–24, 2025, doi: 10.3390/s25113450.
[18] O. I. Oriekhoe, B. I. Ashiwaju, and K. C. Ihemereze, “BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT : A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW,” vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 150–166, 2024, doi: 10.51594/ijmer.v6i1.714.
[19] J. S. M. B and V. Kale, Blockchain Technology Based Supply Chain Management System. Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-136-4.
[20] T. R. D. Suseno, I. Afrianto, and S. Atin, “Strengthening data integrity in academic document recording with blockchain and InterPlanetary file system,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1759–1769, 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1759-1769.
[21] H. Taherdoost, “A Critical Review of Blockchain Acceptance Models — Blockchain Technology Adoption Frameworks and Applications,” 2022.
[22] D. Pati and L. N. Lorusso, “How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature,” HERD Heal. Environ. Res. Des. J., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 15–30, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1177/1937586717747384.
[23] M. A. Cardenas-quispe and A. Pacheco, “Blockchain ensuring academic integrity with a degree verification prototype,” pp. 1–15, 2025.
[24] N. Khairunnisa, Z. Abdullah, S. Kasim, I. Rahmi, and A. Hamid, “Verification of Ph . D . Certificate Using QR Code on Blockchain Ethereum,” vol. 7, no. September, pp. 716–725, 2023.
[25] V. N. Faton Kabashi, Halil Snopçe, Artan Luma, “Trustworthy Verification of Academic Credentials through Blockchain Technology,” Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 51–64, 2024, doi: 10.3991/ijoe.v20i09.48999.
[26] O. S. Oluwaseyi, “Utilizing Blockchain Technology for University Certificate Verification System,” vol. 12, no. 45, pp. 23–40, 2024.
[27] R. Abdelmagid, M. Abdelsalam, and F. K. Alsheref, “A Blockchain Framework for Academic Certificates Authentication,” Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 297–305, 2024, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150729.
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